| Abrupt. | Suddenly; coming without warning. |
| Abrasive. | A material which wears away. |
| Actuate. | Influenced, as by sudden motive; incited to action. |
| Accumulate. | To bring together; to amass; to collect. |
| Acoustics. | The branch of physics which treats of sound. |
| Adhesion. | To hold together; a molecular force by means of which particles stick together. |
| Affinity. | Any natural drawing together; the property or force in chemicals to move toward each other. |
| Aggravate. | To incite; to make worse or more burdensome. |
| Alloy. | A combination of two or more metals. |
| Altitude. | Height; a vertical distance above any point. |
| Alkali. | Any substance which will neutralize an acid, as lime, magnesia, and the like. |
| Amalgam. | Any compound of metal which has mercury as one of the elements. |
| Amiss. | Wrong, fault, misdeed. |
| Annealing. | A process of gradually heating and cooling metals, whereby hardness and toughness are brought about. |
| Angle plate. | A metal structure which has two bodies, or limbs, at right angles to each other. |
| Analysis. | The separating of substances into their elementary forms. |
| Anchor bolt. | A structure intended to be placed in a hole in a wall, and held there by a brew which expands a part of the structure.
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| Apprentice. | One who is learning a trade or occupation. |
| Artificial. | That which resembles the original; made in imitation of. |
| Arbor. | A shaft, spindle, mandrel, or axle. |
| Armature. | A metallic body within the magnetic field of a magnet. |
| Arbitrary. | Stubborn determination. Doing a thing without regard to consequences. |
| Artisan. | One skilled in any mechanical art. |
| Attributable. | That which belongs to or is associated with. |
| Automatically. | Operating by its own structure, or without outside aid. |
| Augmented. | Added to; to increase. |
| Auxiliary. | To aid; giving or furnishing aid. |
| Avoirdupois. | The system of weights, of which the unit is sixteen ounces. |
| Back-saw. | A saw which has a rib at its upper margin. |
| Barleycorn. | A grain of barley. |
| Bastard. | A coarse-grained file. |
| B. T. U. | British Thermal Unit. |
| Back-gear. | That gear on a lathe for changing the feed. |
| Bevel. | Not in a right line; slanting; oblique. |
| Bibb. | A form of water faucet. |
| Bit, or bitt. | A form of tool for cutting purposes on a lathe, planer, shaper, or drilling machine. |
| Borax. | A white crystalline compound, of a sweetish taste. Chemically it is sodium biborate. |
| Buffs. | Usually a wheel covered with leather or cloth, and having emery dust on it, for fine polishing purposes. |
| Buffeted. | Thrown back. |
| Bronze. | An alloy of copper and tin. |
| Calcium. | Lime. |
| Cant. | A form of lever.
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| Carbonate. | A salt of carbonic acid. |
| Caustic. | Capable of corroding or eating away. |
| Capillary. | That quality of a liquid which causes it to move upwardly or along a solid with which it is in contact. |
| Caliper. | An instrument for spanning inside and outside dimensions. |
| Centripetal. | The force which tends to draw inwardly, or to the center. |
| Centrifugal. | The outwardly-moving force from a body. |
| Centering. | To form a point equidistant from a circular line. |
| Chloride. | A compound of chlorine with one or more positive elements, such as, for instance, salt. |
| Circular pitch. | The measurement around a gear taken at a point midway between the base and end of the teeth. |
| Circumference. | The outside of a circular body. |
| Clef. | A character placed on a staff of music to determine the pitch. |
| Clutch. | A mechanical element for attaching one part to another. |
| Chuck, Independent. | A disk of metal to be attached to the live spindle of a lathe, and which has on its face a set of dogs which move radially independently of each other. |
| Chuck, Universal. | A disk to be attached as above, provided with dogs which are connected so they move radially in unison with each other. |
| Classified. | Arranged in order, in such a manner that each of a kind is placed under a suitable heading. |
| Clearance. | To provide a space behind the cutting edge of a tool which will not touch the work being cut. |
| Consistency. | Harmonious; not contradictory. |
| Coherer. | That instrument in a wireless telegraphy apparatus which detects the electrical impulses.
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| Commutator. | The cylindrical structure on the end of an armature, which is designed to change the polarity of the current. |
| Concentrated. | Brought together at one point. |
| Coinage. | The system of making money from metals. |
| Compound. | The unity of two or more elements. |
| Constant. | Being insistent and consistent; also a term to be used in a problem which never varies. |
| Conversion. | The change from one state to another. |
| Cone. | A body larger at one end than at another; usually applied to a form which is cylindrical in shape but tapering, from end to end. |
| Compression. | The bringing together of particles, or molecules. |
| Convolute. | A spiral form of winding, like a watch spring. |
| Coiled. | A form of winding, like a string wound around a bobbin. |
| Conductivity. | Applied generally to the quality of material which will carry a current of electricity; also a quality of a material to convey heat. |
| Cohesion. | The force by which the molecules of the same kind are held together. |
| Concentric. | A line which is equidistant at all points from a center. |
| Confined. | Held within certain bounds. |
| Corpuscular. | Molecular or atomic form. |
| Converge. | To come together from all points. |
| Concave. | A surface which is depressed or sunken. |
| Convex. | A surface which is raised, or projects beyond the surface of the edges. |
| Component. | One of the elements in a problem or in a compound. |
| Coefficient. | A number indicating the degree or quality possessed by a substance. An invariable unit. |
| Cube. | A body having six equal sides.
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| Cross-section. | A term used to designate that line which is at right angles to the line running from the view point. |
| Cross slide. | The metal plate on a lathe which holds the tool post, and which is controlled, usually, by a screw. |
| Contiguous. | Close to; near at hand. |
| Countersink. | The depression around a bore. |
| Collet. | A collar, clutch or clamping piece, which has jaws to hold a bar or rod. |
| Countershaft. | A shaft which has thereon pulleys or gears to connect operatively with the gears or pulleys on a machine, and change the speed. |
| Conducive. | Tending to; promotive of a result. |
| Corundum. | An extremely hard aluminum oxide used for polishing. |
| Cold chisel. | A term applied to an extremely hard chisel used for cutting and chipping metal. |
| Combustion. | The action or operation of burning. |
| Conjunctively. | Acting together. |
| Comparatively. | Similitude or resemblance, one with another. |
| Cotter. | A key to prevent a wheel turning on its shaft. |
| Dead center. | A term used to designate the inoperative point of the crank. |
| Depicting. | Showing; setting forth. |
| Deodorant. | A substance which will decompose odors. |
| Developer. | A chemical which will bring out the picture in making the film or plate in photography. |
| Decimeter. | The length of one-tenth of a meter in the metric system. |
| Decameter. | The length of ten meters in the metric system. |
| Defective. | Not perfect; wrong in some particular. |
| Diaphragm. | A plate, such as used in a telephone system, to receive and transmit vibrations.
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| Dissolving. | To change from a solid to a liquid condition. |
| Division plate. | A perforated plate in a gear-cutting machine, to aid in dividing the teeth of a wheel. |
| Dispelled. | To drive away or scatter. |
| Disinfectant. | A material which will destroy harmful germs. |
| Diametral pitch. | The number of teeth in a gear as calculated on the pitch line. |
| Dimension. | Measurement; size. |
| Ductility. | That property of metal which permits it to be drawn out, or worked. |
| Dividers. | An instrument, like a compass, for stepping off measurements, or making circles. |
| Diverge. | Spreading out from a common point. |
| Drift. | A cutting tool for smoothing a hole in a piece of metal. |
| Duplex. | Two; double. |
| Dynamite. | An explosive composed of an absorbent, like earth, combined with nitro-glycerine. |
| Dynamometer. | An instrument for measuring power developed. |
| Eccentric. | Out of center. |
| Echoes. | The reflection of sound. |
| Effervesce. | The action due to the unity of two opposite chemicals. |
| Efficiency. | The term applied to the quality of effectiveness. |
| Ellipse. | A form which is oblong, or having a shape, more or less, like the longitudinal section of an egg. |
| Electrolytic. | The action of a current of water passing through a liquid, and decomposing it, and carrying elements from one electrode to the other. |
| Elasticity. | The quality in certain substances to be drawn out of their normal shape, and by virtue of which they will resume their original form when released.
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| Embedded. | To be placed within a body or substance. |
| Emerge. | To come out of. |
| Emphasize. | To lay particular stress upon. |
| Emery. | A hard substance, usually some of the finely divided precious stones, and used for polishing and grinding purposes. |
| Enormous. | A large amount; great in size. |
| Enunciated. | Proclaimed; given out. |
| Equalization. | To put on an even basis; to make the same comparatively. |
| Eradicator. | To take out; to cause to disappear. |
| Escapement. | A piece of mechanism devised for the purpose of giving a uniform rate of speed to the movement of wheels. |
| Essential. | The important feature; the principal thing. |
| Expansion. | To enlarge; growing greater. |
| Equidistant. | The same distance from a certain point. |
| Evolved. | Brought out of; the result of certain considerations. |
| Facet. | A face. |
| Facilitated. | Made easy. |
| Flux. | Any substance which will aid in uniting material under heat. The act of uniting. |
| Fluid. | Any substance in which the particles freely interchange positions. |
| Flour emery. | Emery which is finely ground. |
| Flexible. | The quality of any material which will permit bending. |
| Float cut. | The term when applied to a tool where the cut is an easy one. |
| Flexure. | The springing yield in a substance. |
| Foot pound. | A unit, usually determined by the number of pounds raised one foot in one second of time. 550 pounds raised one foot in one second of time, means so many foot pounds.
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| Formulate. | To arrange; to put in order from a certain consideration of things. |
| Focus. | The center of a circle. |
| Foci. | One of the points of an ellipse. |
| Formation. | The structure of a machine or of a compound. |
| Fractured. | Broken. |
| Fundamental. | Basis; the first form; the original structure. |
| Fulcrum. | The resting place for a lever. |
| Fusion. | Melting. The change of a metal from a solid to a liquid state by heat. |
| Fusible. | That which is capable of being melted. |
| Fulminate. | A substance that will ignite or explode by heat or friction. |
| Gamut. | The scale of sound or light, or vibrations of any kind. |
| Gear. | A toothed wheel of any kind. |
| Gelatine. | A tasteless transparent substance obtained from animal tissues. |
| Globular. | Having the form of a globe or ball. |
| Glazed. | Having a glossary appearance. |
| Graphite. | A metallic, iron-black variety of carbon. |
| Graduated. | To arrange in steps; a regular order or series. |
| Grinder. | Any mechanism which abrades or wears down a substance. |
| Gullet. | The curved notches or grooves between projecting parts of mechanism. |
| Harmonizing. | To make the various parts act together in unison. |
| H. P. | The symbol for horse power. |
| Helico. | A form resembling that of the threads of a screw. |
| Hexagon. | Six-sided. |
| Heliograph. | The system of signaling by using flashlights. |
| Horizontal. | Things level with the surface of the earth; like the surface of water. |
| Hydrogen. | The lightest of all the elements. A tasteless, colorless substance. |
| Import. | To bear, or convey as a meaning. |
| Impulse. | The application of an impelling force. |
| Impact. | A collision; striking against. |
| Invariably. | Constant; without failing. |
| Inertia. | The quality of all materials to remain at rest, or to continue in motion, unless acted on by some external force. |
| Intersect. | To divide at a certain point. The crossing point of one line over another. |
| Interval. | A space; a distance between. |
| Intensity. | Strained or exerted to a high degree. |
| Interstices. | The spaces between the molecules or atoms in a substance. |
| Intermediate. | Between. |
| Intermeshing. | The locking together of gear wheels. |
| Internal. | That which is within. |
| Inability. | Unable to perform or do. |
| Initial. | The first; at the start. |
| Increment. | One of the parts which go to make up the whole. |
| Inference. | Drawing a conclusion from a certain state of things. |
| Insoluble. | A substance which cannot be liquefied by a liquid. |
| Indentations. | Recesses, or cut-out parts or places. |
| Induction. | The movement of electricity through the air from one conductor to another. |
| Inflammable. | That which will burn. |
| Inclining. | At an angle; sloping. |
| Inconsequential. | Not of much importance. |
| Isometric. | That view of a figure which will give the relation of all the parts in their proper proportions. |
| Jaw. | The grasping part of a vise, or other tool. |
| Joule. | The practical unit of electrical energy. |
| Key-way. | A groove in a shaft and in the hub of a wheel, to receive therein a locking key.
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| Kilowatt. | A unit of electrical power; one thousand watts. |
| Kinetic. | Consisting of motion. |
| Lacing. | The attaching of the ends of a belt to each other. |
| Lap. | A tool, usually of copper or lead, on which flour emery is spread, with oil, and used to grind out the interior of cylinders. |
| Lapping. | The act of using a lap to grind out cylinders. |
| Lacquer. | A varnish for either wood or metal. |
| Lazy-tongs. | A form of tool, by means of which a long range of movement is attainable, and great grasp of power. |
| Levigated. | Reduced to a fine powder. |
| Litharge. | A form of lead used in paints for drying purposes. |
| Longitudinal. | Lengthwise. |
| Luminous. | That which has the capacity to light up. |
| Magnet. | A bar of iron or steel that has electricity in it capable of attracting certain metals. |
| Manipulation. | Capable of being handled. |
| Mandrel. | The revolving part of a lathe; a rod or bar which turns and carries mechanical elements thereon. |
| Manually. | Operated by hand. |
| Margin. | An edge. |
| Malleability. | Softness. The state of being formed by hammering. |
| Magnetism. | A quality of certain metals to receive and hold a charge of electricity. |
| Major axis. | The measurement across the longest part of an ellipse. |
| Minor axis. | The distance across the narrowest part of an ellipse. |
| Meridian. | The time when the sun crosses the middle of the heavens; midday. |
| Metric. | Measure; a system which takes the unit of its measurement from the circumference of the earth. |
| Micrometer. | A tool for measuring small spaces or intervals. |
| Milling machine. | A large tool for the purpose of cutting gears and grooves or surfaces. |
| Miter. | A meeting surface between two right-angled pieces.
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| Momentum. | That quality of matter which is the combined energy of mass and speed. |
| Molecular. | Any substance that is made up of any particles; the component elements in any substance. |
| Modifications. | Changes; improved arrangements. |
| Multiplicity. | Many; numerous; a large quantity. |
| Mutilated. | As applied to a gear, one in which certain teeth are removed. |
| Nautical. | Marine; applied to shipping, and the like. |
| Neutralizes. | Any substance, like a chemical, which, when added to another chemical, will change them both. |
| Nitro-glycerine. | An explosive made from glycerine and nitrogen. |
| Oblique. | At an angle; inclined. |
| Obliterate. | To wipe out. |
| Obvious. | That which can be seen; easily observed. |
| Obtuse. | A blunt angle; not noticeable. |
| Odophone. | An instrument for determining and testing odors. |
| Olfactory. | The nerves of the sense of smell. |
| Orifice. | An opening; a hole. |
| Oscillation. | A movement to and fro, like a pendulum. |
| Oxygen. | The most universal gas, colorless and tasteless; is called the acid-maker of the universe and unites with all known substances, producing an acid, an alkali, or a neutral compound. |
| Oxidizing. | To impart to any substance the elements of oxygen. |
| Oxide. | Any substance which has oxygen added to it. |
| Pallet. | A part of a tooth or finger which acts on the teeth of a wheel. |
| Parallel. | Lines or sides at equal distance from each other from end to end.
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| Paraffine. | A light-colored substance, produced from refined petroleum. |
| Perimeter. | The outer margin of a wheel; the bounding line of any figure of two dimensions. |
| Periphery. | The outer side of a wheel. |
| Peen. | The nailing end of a hammer. |
| Persistence. | That quality of all matter to continue on in its present condition. |
| Perpendicular. | A line drawn at right angles to another. |
| Perpetual. | Without end. |
| Perspective. | A view of an object which takes in all parts at one side. |
| Physically. | Pertaining to the body. |
| Phonautograph. | An apparatus for recording sound. |
| Phonograph. | An apparatus for taking and sending forth sound vibration. |
| Phenomena. | Any occurrence in nature out of the ordinary. |
| Pitman. | The rod or bar which connects the piston and crank. |
| Pivot. | A point or bar on which anything turns. |
| Pinion. | A small toothed wheel. |
| Pitch. | The number of vibrations. The term used to give the number of teeth in a wheel. |
| Pitch diameter. | The point from which the measurements are made in determining the pitch. |
| Pivoted. | A bar, lever, or other mechanical element, arranged to turn on or about a point. |
| Plastic. | A substance in such a state that it may be kneaded or worked. |
| Planer. | A large tool designed to cut or face off wood or metal. |
| Porosity. | The quality in all substances to have interstices, or points of separation, between the molecules. |
| Potential. | The power. |
| Properties. | The qualities possessed by all elements. |
| Projecting. | The throwing forward. The sending out.
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| Promulgated. | Put forth; enunciated. |
| Protractor. | A mechanic's and draughtsman's tool by means of which angles may be formed. |
| Promote. | To carry forward in a systematic way. |
| Precision. | Work done with care; observing correct measurements. |
| Prony brake. | A machine for determining horse power. |
| Punch. | A small tool to be struck by a hammer in order to make an impression or indentation. |
| Quadrant. | One-fourth of a circle. |
| Quadrant plate. | A plate on which are placed lines and numbers indicating degrees. |
| Quadruplex. | A term to designate that system of telegraphy in which four messages are sent over a single wire at the same time. |
| Ratchet. | A wheel having teeth at certain intervals to catch the end of a pawl or finger. |
| Ratchet brace. | A tool to hold a drill, having a reversible ratchet wheel. |
| Rasp cut. | A cut of a file which is rough, not smooth. |
| Rake. | The angle or inclination of the upper surface of the cutting tool of a lathe. |
| Reverse. | To turn about; in the opposite direction. |
| Reciprocating. | To go back and forth. |
| Revolve. | To move in an orbit or circle, as a merry-go-round. |
| Reciprocity. | To give back in like measure. |
| Reflection. | The throwing back from a surface. |
| Resonance. | The quality of vibration which adds to the original movement, and aids in perpetuating the sound. |
| Refraction. | The quality of light which causes it to bend in passing through different substances. |
| Reducing. | Bringing it down to a smaller compass. |
| Rectilinear. | A straight line. |
| Retort. | A furnace of refractory material to take high heat. |
| Reamer. | A tool designed to enlarge or to smooth out holes. |
| Regulation. | To do things in an orderly way; a system which sets forth certain requirements. |
| Refractory. | Difficult to work, and not easily fused. |
| Recess. | A hole, or a depression. |
| Rocking. | A lever which rotates only part way and then moves in the opposite direction. |
| Rotate. | A spindle which turns round. Compare revolve. |
| Rosin. | Certain gums; particularly the sap of pine trees. |
| Roughing. | The taking off of the first coating with a tool. |
| Saturated. | A soluble substance which cannot be further dissolved by a liquid. |
| Scribe. | To mark with a tool. |
| Screw plate. | A tool which has within it means for adjusting different cutting tools. |
| Section lining. | The marks made diagonally across drawings to indicate that the part is cut away. |
| Shaper. | A large tool for surfacing off material, cutting grooves, and the like. |
| Shrinkage. | The term applied to metals when cast, as all will be smaller when cold than when cast in the mold. |
| Slide rest. | The part of the lathe which holds the tool post. |
| Sonorous. | Having the quality of vibration. |
| Slotted. | Grooved, or channeled. |
| Solvent. | That which can be changed from a solid by liquids. |
| Spelter. | A combination of zinc and copper. A hard solder. |
| Soldering. | Uniting of two substances by a third, with heat. |
| Spindle. | A small shaft. |
| Spur. | The larger of two intermeshing gears. |
| Socket. | A depression or hole. |
| Sprocket. | Teeth in a wheel to receive a chain.
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| Spiral. | A form wound like the threads of a screw. |
| Surface plate. | A true surface made of metal, used as a means of determining evenness of the article made. |
| Sulphate. | Any substance which is modified by sulphuric acid. |
| Substitute. | An element or substance used for another. |
| Superposed. | One placed above the other. |
| Swage. | Tool for the purpose of changing the form in a material. |
| Swivel. | A point on which another turns. |
| Surfacing. | Taking off the outer coating or covering. |
| Tap. | A small drill. |
| Tapering. | An object with the sides out of parallel. |
| Tangential. | A line from the periphery of a circle which projects out at an angle. |
| Tension. | The exertion of a force. |
| Tenacity. | The property of a material to hang together. |
| Tempering. | Putting metal in such condition that it will be not only hard but tough as well. |
| Technical. | Pertaining to the strict forms and terms of an art. |
| Texture. | That of which the element or substance is composed. |
| Threads. | The ridges, spiral in form, which run around a bolt. |
| Theoretically. | The speculative form or belief in a subject. |
| Tinned. | The term applied to the coating on a soldering iron with a fluxed metal. |
| Tines. | Small blades.
|
| Torsion. | The force exerted around an object, like the action of a crank on a shaft. |
| Tommy. | A lever to be inserted in a hole in a screw head for turning a screw. |
| Transmitting. | Sending forth; to forward. |
| Trammel. | A tool for the purpose of drawing ellipses. |
| Traction. | Drawing; pulling power. |
| Tripping. | A motion applied to a finger, which holds a pivoted arm, whereby the latter may be swung from its locked position. |
| Triangular. | Having three sides and three angles. |
| Transverse. | Across; at right angles to the long direction. |
| Undercut. | A wall of a groove or recess which is sloping. |
| Undulatory. | A wave-like motion, applied generally to light and electricity. |
| Unit. | A base for calculating from. |
| Unison. | Acting together; as one. |
| Unsized. | Generally applied to the natural condition of paper or fabric which has no glue or other fixing substance on it. |
| Vaporising. | To change from a liquid or solid to a gas. |
| Variation. | Changing into different conditions; unlike forms. |
| Verge. | The edge; usually applied to the shoulder of a watch spindle, particularly to the escapement. |
| Vertical. | Up and down. The direction of a plumb line. |
| Velocity. | The speed of an article through space. |
| Vitascope. | An instrument for determining the rate of vibration of different substances. |
| Vibration. | The movement to and fro of all elements, and by means of which we are made sensitive of the different forces. |
| Vocation. | The business or the calling of a person.
|
| Warding. | The act of cutting a projection or guard, such as is usually found on the insides of locks, and the correspondent detent in the key. |
| Watt. | In electricity the unit of the rate of working in a circuit. It is the electro-motive force of one volt and the current intensity of one ampere. |
